The History of Jiu-Jitsu: from India’s mountains to the world
through Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
Jiu-Jitsu’s origins trace back roughly 2,500 years to the
mountains of India, where Buddhist monks developed self-defense
methods based on balance, leverage, and redirecting an
opponent’s energy. These practices spread through China and
eventually reached Japan, where the art was refined and
systematized.
Evolution in Japan
In Japan, Jiu-Jitsu was practiced by samurai as unarmed combat.
In the 19th century, Jigorō Kanō (1860–1938) organized and
enhanced traditional methods, creating Judo and founding the
Kōdōkan. Kanō emphasized throws and groundwork, introducing a
more scientific, educational approach.
Among his students was Mitsuyo Maeda (1878–1941), known as
“Count Koma,” who also trained with Mataemon Tanabe (1869–1942)
of Fusen-ryū, renowned for ground fighting. Exposure to Kanō and
Tanabe led Maeda to master both throwing and ground skills —
which he later passed on in Brazil.
Arrival in Brazil
In the early 20th century, Mitsuyo Maeda settled in Belém do
Pará, northern Brazil, where he met Gastão Gracie, who helped
him establish himself. In gratitude, Maeda taught Jiu-Jitsu to
Gastão’s eldest son, Carlos Gracie.
Carlos fell in love with the art and devoted himself to it.
Later, in Rio de Janeiro, he began teaching as an extra income
source and led his brothers in a series of challenge matches to
build credibility.
The rise of Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
The youngest brother, Hélio, faced health limitations and spent
years observing. At 16, he started a class for Carlos and
impressed the student. Teaching led him to adapt techniques for
efficiency through leverage, positioning and smart energy use,
giving birth to Gracie Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ).
Challenge matches and expansion
The Gracies publicly tested their system for decades, cementing
their reputation.
Global recognition — the UFC
In 1993, Royce Gracie won UFC 1, 2 and 4, defeating larger
opponents through technique, strategy and control, and BJJ went
worldwide.